38 FGV HOLDINGS BERHAD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (j) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are initially stated at cost. All property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment initially recognised includes its purchase price and any cost that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Cost also includes borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset. See significant accounting policies Note 3(i) on borrowing costs. To the extent a legal or constructive obligation to a third party exists, the acquisition cost includes estimated cost of dismantling and removing the assets and restoring the site. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the costs of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of replaced parts are derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred. Major spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment are classified as property, plant and equipment rather than inventory when they are expected to be used during more than one period. A bearer plant is a living plant that is used in the production or supply of agricultural produce, is expected to bear produce for more than one period and has a remote likelihood of being sold as agricultural produce, except for incidental scrap sales. The bearer plants of the Group are oil palm trees, rubber trees and mango trees. Immature bearer plants are measured at accumulated costs of planting of bearer plants, similar to accounting for a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment. Bearer plants are classified as immature until the trees are available for harvest. At that point, bearer plants are measured at amortised cost and depreciated over their useful life. Canine are bred and trained for security purposes. All direct costs for canine are accumulated until it matures. Subsequent to that, the costs that have been capitalised are amortised based on a straight line method over its expected useful productive life. The estimate maturity period for canine are 2 years old, having completed all required training and applying 8 years as the period of amortisation. Freehold land is not depreciated as it has an infinite life. Spare parts or servicing equipment recognised as property, plant and equipment would be depreciated over a period that does not exceed the useful life of the assets to which they relate. All property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight line basis to write off the cost of each asset to their residual values over their estimated useful lives as follows: Property, plant and equipment Estimated useful lives (years) Buildings, structures and renovations 3 to 60 Plant and machinery 3 to 30 Motor vehicles 3 to 30 Office equipment, tools and other equipment 2 to 33 Bearer plants and livestock - Oil palm 22, or the lease term if shorter - Rubber trees 20, or the lease term if shorter - Others 25, or the lease term if shorter - Livestock 5 to 8 The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each statement of financial position date. The effects of any revision of the residual values and useful lives are included in profit or loss for the financial year in which the changes arise. Depreciation on property, plant and equipment ceases at the earlier of derecognition and classification as held for sale. Depreciation on assets under construction commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
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